What Is a Window, Really?

A window is simply a hole in the wall—crafted to let in light, air, and the view beyond.

Over generations, builders refined that hole into a thing of purpose and beauty.

Today, Window Craft restores that form to its rightful function—reviving the original intent with skilled hands, trained eyes, and a system that works.

The Window of All Windows

The Archetypal Wood Window

An archetypal wood window is the time-tested design found in historic homes across America—typically double-hung, made entirely of wood, and built using joinery techniques instead of glue or staples. These windows were made to be serviceable, repairable, and beautiful—designed to last for generations with the right care.

Before mass production and planned obsolescence, these windows followed a universal pattern—crafted, not manufactured. That’s what makes them archetypal.

What are the Components of an Archetypal Window?

The Frame – Foundation of the Window

The frame is where every restoration begins. Fixed to the wall and exposed to the elements, it defines the structure and function of the window. A proper Frame Makeover includes wood repairs, tuning the sash tracks, resetting stops and parting beads, sealing with primer and paint. Bringing this back to life is called the Frame Makeover

The Sash – Heart of the Window

The sash holds the glass—and the story. These movable parts require their own Sash Makeover, starting with careful removal, followed by repairs, priming, and reglazing. Later, the finisher applies a clean, protective paint job that laps slightly onto the glass. This is called the Sash Makeover

The Mechanics - The Soul of the System

The mechanics bring the window to life. This includes ropes, pulleys, weights, locks,, hinges, operators and movement—everything that makes the sash glide effortlessly.

Without functional mechanics, even the most beautiful window remains lifeless. Giving the window it's functionality back - is the Mechanical Makeover

What Is Window Craft?

Window Craft is more than a method. It’s the fusion of three time-honored trades into one mission: the restoration of historic windows with beauty, function, and integrity.

It takes more than a painter. More than a carpenter.

More than a joiner.

Window Craft combines all three.

JOINERY

Building sash, storm windows, screens, and moldings with precision.

CARPENTRY

Structural repairs, frame reassembly, stop installation, hardware adjustments.

FINISHING

Coating, sealing, and protecting every surface by hand—inside and out.

Who Performs Window Craft?

Window Craft is not a solo act. It’s a team pursuit.

Each successful Window Craft project is performed by a minimum three-person crew:

🪚 The Carpenter — Skilled in structural repair and sash/frame reassembly. Familiar with finishing and joinery
🎨 The Finisher — Protects and beautifies every surface. Knows how to prep, paint, and seal with purpose. Understands carpentry and joinery.
🧠 The Manager — Oversees the sequence, sets the pace, solves problems, and ensures the entire system flows smoothly.

Together, they carry out the Five Pillars from start to finish—each with overlapping knowledge, shared standards, and a unified mission.

The Five Pillars of Window Craft

A Field-Tested Framework for Restoring America’s Historic Windows

The Five Pillars of Window Craft represent a complete, sequential system for restoring wood windows with integrity, efficiency, and mastery. Rooted in centuries-old trade knowledge and refined for the field, these pillars guide artisans through every stage of restoration—from broken-down beginnings to fully functional, finished windows.

Each pillar is more than a phase of work. It's a philosophy of movement, a teaching tool, and a measuring rod for both quality and progress.

The Primary Pillars of Window Craft

M2P and S2G: The Twin Foundations of True Restoration

Among the Five Pillars of Window Craft, two stand above the rest in importance and difficulty:

Mechanics to Primed Frame (M2P)
Stripped to Glazed Sash (S2G)

These are the primary pillars—the pillars that hold the most weight, require the most skill, and determine the success or failure of everything that follows.

1. Mechanics to Primed Frame (M2P)

“Function comes first.”

This pillar is about restoring the frame to working order—rebuilding joinery, repairing damage, re-roping the weights, restoring movement, and ensuring the window operates as it was originally designed.

The sash must be present, intact enough to tune to the frame. While the sash is not stabilized or primed during this pillar, it plays a critical supporting role. Some paint may be removed as part of the tuning process to ensure a smooth fit, but any stabilization, stripping, or priming of the sash is deferred to S2G.

Stands for: Craftsmanship, carpentry, structural repair, and functional clarity. This is where alignment is established and the system comes back to life.

2. Stripped to Glazed Sash (S2G)

“Protect what matters.”

Once the sash has been tuned and returned, it enters this pillar where its full transformation begins. Old paint and glazing are removed. Glass is extracted, cleaned, or replaced. Profiles are heat gunned, detailed, repaired, primed, and reglazed by hand. This pillar is precise, patient, and protective.

The integrity of this phase determines whether the sash can defend itself from water, sun, and failure for the next several decades.

Stands for: Preservation, finesse, protection, and attention to detail. This is where weather defense and longevity are sealed in.

🤝 Why These Two Are Primary

Everything else builds on these. G2F, P2F, and A&T are all important—but they depend entirely on the success of M2P and S2G.
They demand the most skill. One leans into carpentry and tuning, the other into restoration, reglazing, and finish prep.
They define your pace. If you can master these, the rest can flow. If you can’t, the job stalls or fails.

🔄 Interdependence in the Field

On a real job site, these two pillars often overlap in action:

The M2P tech may remove and adjust the sash, then pass it to the S2G tech for paint removal.
The sash may be handed back and forth to fine-tune the fit while prepping the frame.
The goal is always a tuned frame and a protected sash—on pace and in rhythm.

The Secondary Pillars of Window Craft

G2F · P2F · A&T - Finish. Deliver. Complete the Work.

While M2P and S2G carry the structural and protective weight of window restoration, the Secondary Pillars are where the work is refined, sealed, and delivered. These pillars represent the final transformation—where a functional and protected window becomes a complete, finished artifact of craftsmanship.

3. Glazed to Finished Sash (G2F)

“Finish the work you began.”

With the glazing compound cured, the sash is now hand-finished—no tape, no shortcuts. Every brushstroke must be precise, with lap lines that protect the putty, seal the joints, and present the artisan’s hand with clarity and confidence.

Stands for: Precision, pride, and polish.

This pillar is where your glaze line is sealed, and your name is signed—in paint.

4. Primed to Finished Frame (P2F)

“Protection, not just appearance.”

The frame, once repaired and primed, now receives its final coats. This is not cosmetic—it’s functional. Paint must shed water, seal surfaces, and defend the structure. No tape is used. Just field-based methods that put performance before appearance.

Stands for: Durability, function-first aesthetics, and field-tested finishing. A well-finished frame is the first line of defense against the elements.

5. Assembled & Tuned Frame (A&T)

“Reunite what was separated.”

The final pillar brings it all together. The finished sash is reunited with the finished frame. Stops and hardware are installed. Function is tuned. Alignment is confirmed. Delivery is prepared. This is where all five pillars converge and the work is fully completed.

Stands for: Completion, calibration, and cohesion.
This is the act of making the window whole again.

🔁 What the Secondary Pillars Represent

Refinement — Everything is sharpened, sealed, and brought to completion.

Delivery — These pillars prepare the window for final handoff to the client or community.

Honor — A true artisan finishes what they start, and finishes it well.

🛠 Why They're Secondary (But Not Optional)

While they depend on the structural integrity and protection created by M2P and S2G, the secondary pillars are where your skill is most visible to the world. They are the public-facing expression of everything that came before.

They don’t carry the same foundational weight—but they carry your name.